Inspiring Accountancy Professionals
to Come Together and Align with Global TrendsGallery
Accounting iNdaba 2022
Are you ready for the South African Institute of Professional Accountants (SAIPA) Accounting iNdaba, taking place from 02 – 03 November 2022?
Themed “Technomics for Sustainability”, you will hear from an array of dynamic South African and International thought leaders on the evolution of finance through technology, how you can use it to take your work to the next level, and become more insight-driven and strategic in every way.
The main objective of the iNdaba is to enable accountancy, business advisory, and other finance professionals (in Practice, Corporate SA, Academia and Public Sector), to align their strategies and skills sets to the latest local and global trends.
Date:
2-3 November 2022
Hybrid event:
Attend at the Hilton Sandton Hotel OR online
Theme:
Technomics for Sustainability
Who Should Attend?
- Accountancy professionals in practice, corporate companies, public sector and academia
- Tax Professionals
- Business advisors
- Financial managers
- Financial directors
- Accounting researchers
- Accounting lecturers
- Accountancy and finance students and trainees
SAIPA iNdaba 2022 Promo Video
Our Speakers
Alan Johnson
Alan Johnson became IFAC President in November 2020, having previously served as Deputy President from 2018-2020 and aboard member since November 2015. He was nominated to the IFAC board by the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA).
On January 1, 2021, Mr. Johnson was appointed a non-executive director and member of the Audit and the Succession & Appointments Committees of Imperial Brands plc, a FTSE 100 company in the UK. He is a former non-executive Director of Jerónimo Martins SGPS, S.A., a food retailer with operations in Portugal, Poland, and Colombia, having completed his board mandate in 2016. He is currently the independent chairman of the company’s Internal Control Committee. Previously he was Chief Financial Officer of Jerónimo Martins from 2012 to 2014. Between 2005 and 2011 he served as Chief Audit Executive for the Unilever Group. Mr. Johnson also served as Chief Financial Officer of Unilever’s Global Foods businesses and worked for Unilever for 35 years in various finance positions in Africa, Europe and Latin America.
Mr. Johnson was a member of the IFAC Professional Accountants in Business Committee between 2011 and 2015, a member of the ACCA’s Market Oversight Committee between 2006 and 2012 and chair of the Accountants for Business Global Forum until 2018. He was a member of the board of Gildat Strauss Israel between 2003 and 2004. Mr. Johnson is the chair of the board of governors of St. Julian’s School in Portugal and chairs its Finance & Bursaries Committees. In October 2016 he was appointed to the Board of Trustees of the International Valuation Standards Council and chairs its audit committee. Between July 2018 and September 2020 he was a non-executive director of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and chaired its Audit & Risk Assurance Committee.
Prof. Alnoor Bhimani
Alnoor Bhimani is Professor of Management Accounting at the London School of Economics and previous Head of the Department of Accounting at LSE. He is also the Founding Director of LSE Entrepreneurship. He has written widely in the areas of financial management, tech start-ups, digitalization and control systems. His ongoing research deals with how technologies are reshaping accounting and managerial practices, work and education. Alnoor is author of over 20 books and 100 scholarly journal articles. He recently published Accounting Disrupted: How Digitalization Is Changing Finance (AICPA/Wiley:2021) and
Financial Management for technology start-ups (Kogan Page, 2022).
Alta Prinsloo
“To remain relevant in an environment of rapid change, professional accountants have to accelerate their journey from doing the same things, to doing the same things differently, to doing different things’’.
Alta Prinsloo became the Chief Executive Officer of the Pan African Federation of Accountants on 1 November 2020. The wealth of experience she gained during her 18 years at the International Federation of Accountants positions her well to lead PAFA during its second decade.
Ms. Prinsloo joined the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board in 2002, and served as deputy director before transitioning to IFAC, where she served in various executive roles, including leading IFAC’s new approach to advancing education for future-ready professional accountants.
From 1997 through 2002, Ms. Prinsloo worked at the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants, becoming its technical director in 2000. In 1996, she worked at Amalgamated Banks of South Africa where she was responsible for professional development of the internal audit function. Prior to that, she worked in the national technical and training office of PricewaterhouseCoopers.
LinkedIn Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/altaprinsloo/
Adv. Andy Mothibi
Adv. Lekgoa Mothibi (Known as Andy) Head of Special Investigating Unit
The Head of the Special Investigating Unit (SIU), Adv. Lekgoa Mothibi was appointed by the President of South Africa with effect from May 2016. He is tasked with leading the SIU to execute its mandate to investigate Maladministration, Malpractice and Corruption within the State Institutions and the Private Sector as authorised by Proclamations issued by the President of South Africa. The ultimate goal is to recover money and assets lost by State Institutions and to refer perpetrators for prosecution and responsible officials for disciplinary action. To realise this mandate, he introduced and implemented an organisational turnaround strategy that internally puts premium on improved performance, effective processes, effective systems and people management. The new strategy also focusses on ethical leadership, clean governance and building strategic partnerships.
His professional journey prior to 2016 has culminated into the outstanding qualities and values that he is portraying.
In October 2013, Adv. Mothibi was appointed as an Executive Director at Medscheme Holding a subsidiary of AfroCentric Health. The role included leading Group Legal Services, Group Governance, Group Risk and Compliance. Internal Audit also reported to him. He was also accountable for the Medscheme Road Accident Fund Business Unit.
At AfroCentric Group, he championed a successful implementation of the AfroCentric Enterprise Risk Management Framework. One of the key initiatives was the reorganisation of the Group Forensic Investigations Business Unit, which improved forensic investigations capability and recoveries. In 2005, he was appointed the Head of Compliance at South African Airways (SAA). After completing the implementation of SAA Enterprise and Compliance Risk Management Framework, he was appointed at Nedbank as Senior Manager Enterprise Risk Management in 2007. Within six months at Nedbank, he was appointed as General Manager Group Operational Risk Management. At Nedbank he successfully led and completed the implementation of Basel II Operational Risk Management Framework (Basel II ORMF) which led to significant Operational Risk Capital saving for the Group.
In 2012 he was appointed at Standard Bank as Head of Operational Risk for Standard Bank of South Africa. After successful implementation of Basel II ORMF, he was appointed to Head Standard Bank Group Operational Risk Management. Basel II ORMF implementation entailed assessing operational risks which included development of Anti-Fraud and Anti-Money Laundering Scenarios. This led to significant Operational Risk Capital saving for the Group.
Adv. Mothibi started his career as a Public Prosecutor in the Magistrates and Regional Courts in the Johannesburg and Soweto Magistrates Courts. He also served on the bench as a Magistrate in the Johannesburg and Soweto Magistrates Courts. He was appointed to Head Employee Relations at the then Department of Finance in 1995. He was part of a Project that worked on the establishment of the South African Revenue Service (SARS). At SARS, he also served in the roles of the Head of Corporate Legal Services and the Head of Governance.
He strives for a corruption free South Africa, making a meaningful impact in the public sector, private sector and society by ensuring accountability and consequence management for wrongdoers in all tiers of government inclusive of those private sector parties involved in the wrongdoing.
Adv Mothibi is currently appointed as the Vice President of International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities (IAAACA) and Chair of Southern African Development Community (SADC) Anti-Corruption Committee.
Ashalia Maharaj
My purpose is to help you illuminate it, in all your brilliance.”
Ashalia is a power package – mom of three girls,wife, social entrepreneur, life coach, speaker andfacilitator, moving through life with energetic ease.She leads with a powerful combination of intuitionand logic and is extremely passionate about living apurpose driven life, neuroscience and mindful living.
Ashalia uses her energetic nature and charismaticenergy to inspire and capture an audienceeffortlessly.
She has the uncanny ability to tap into anindividual’s drive for purpose and motivation throughdynamic and engaging sessions!
Favourite Topics:
- Developing a strong Employability Brand for Graduate/JobSeekers
- The new age of female leadership
- Living a Purpose Driven Life
- Mindful Mindsets for Peaceful and Powerful Living
- Birthing Babies and Back to Business for Mompreneurs
Claudelle Von Eck
A former CEO of the Institute of Internal Auditors SA, Dr Claudelle is the founder of Brave Inflexions. Her practice focuses on leadership, governance, change management, ethics, culture and whistleblower support. She’s a Strategic Advisor, Executive Coach, Facilitator, Trainer and Keynote Speaker. Her approach is transformative with an emphasis on purpose and empowerment.
She is an experienced executive and non-executive director and has served on numerous international committees and task teams. She holds a Master’s in Business Leadership and her Doctoral degree is in leadership with a particular focus on change management. She is an author and multiple award winner. She is a Fellow of the Institute of Directors South Africa, a Certified Director and also a member of Coaches and Mentors of South Africa (COMENSA). www.braveinflexions.com
Ettiene Retief
With more than two and a half decades of experience as a practicing financial accountant, accounting officer, and tax practitioner, Ettiene was a partner of, and the financial director for an accounting and tax advisory firm based in Johannesburg from 2000 till 2009, where he was involved in compliance and providing advice to numerous large corporate in a number of key industries.
Since 2011, Ettiene has been an evaluator for the SAIPA annual Tax Thesis competition (previously Norton Rose Fulbright, and Deneys Reitz), evaluating thesis submissions at Honours, Masters, and Doctoral levels.
He has also held the position the chief editor and co-author of the Practical Tax Handbook for SMMEs (2003 – 2010); technical editor for SAIPA’s Professional Accountant and Tax Professional magazines/journals (since 2010); a regular speaker at update and training seminars, and regular contributor to various publications and media. He has also been a guest lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand for the Tax Honours programme, since 2017.
Ettiene was the chief editor and co-author of the Practical Tax Handbook for SMMEs (2003 – 2010); technical editor for SAIPA’s Professional Accountant and Tax Professional magazines/journals (since 2010); a regular speaker at update and training seminars, and regular contributor to various publications and media.
As Chairperson of the National Tax and RCB/Stakeholders (SARS and National Treasury) Committees (since 2006) managing stakeholder relationships; member of the Technical and Standards Committee of the South African Institute of Professional Accountants (2004 – 2016) – he regularly comments on new and draft legislations and regulations, before Parliament’s Standing Committee on Finance, National Treasury, and SARS.
He has served as a member of the South African Institute of Professional Accountants Disciplinary/Appeals Committee, appointed to the Appeals panel as from 2014, and as from 2019 appointed to the Investigation Committee.
Ettiene has recently been appointed as a member of the SAIPA Centre of Future Excellence.
Ian Ferreira Massyn
Why choose to fit in, when you were born to stand out?
SAIPA Board Member on the exciting move to Ireland
He may be off to Ireland, but Ian Ferreira-Massyn will proudly fly both the South African and SAIPA flags in his new designation at KPMG in Dublin.
Ferreira-Massyn, a valued and respected SAIPA member, has served the Institute as Board member, member of the EXCO Committee of the Board, and Chairperson of the SAIPA Marketing Committee.
He is nervous, yet excited, about the big move ahead, where he will work in the Consumer Goods and Industrial Markets Audit Division.
“It was truly encouraging to experience how respected SAIPA is in Ireland,” he says. CPA Ireland is, just like SAIPA, a well-known international accounting designation and professional qualifications held in high regard worldwide. The Institute of Certified Public Accountants in Ireland (CPA Ireland) and SAIPA holds a mutual recognition agreement that allows a member of one body to become a member of the other.”
Ferreira-Massyn says though South Africa will always be a part of who he is, he and his husband hope to make a new home in Ireland. “We will do so with faith, hope and love – which is also what the “leaves” of Ireland’s symbol, the shamrock, represents.”
A Passion for SMEs
The accounting seed was planted at a young age when Ferreira-Massyn helped out in his parents’ fruit and vegetable store.
“I went to the shop every afternoon after school. I truly took pleasure in packing the fruit carefully, punching the cash register for my mother, and assisting with stock pricing. I suppose this is when the tiny spark that ignited my current passion for Small and Medium-sized businesses first appeared.”
Ferreira-Massyn emphasises that SMEs are more than simply businesses.
“Every SME tells the story of a family and their way of life; it’s a narrative of working hard and achieving a dream amidst giant corporate competitors; it’s a story of dedication and commitment to supporting a family. That’s why I chose accounting! Not so much for the number crunching aspect of it, but rather to develop the knowledge and abilities to, ideally, be the “super-man” for families whose livelihoods depend on their SMEs.”
After obtaining a BCom in General Accounting at the then Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (where he also served as the Treasurer of the Ballroom and Latin-American Dance Society) Ferreira-Massyn joined Mazars as a trainee accountant in February 2010.
He worked his way up the ranks and was promoted from senior, supervisor, assistant manager, and manager, to lead of the accounting and outsourced service line for the Mazars Port Elizabeth office.
“Working at a reputable mid-tier firm like Mazars allowed me the chance to hone my technical audit, accounting, and tax skills. We have to grab every opportunity that comes across our path to strengthen our leadership skills and expand our professional network.”
Ferreira-Massyn also served as Board member of MTR Smit Children’s Haven in Port Elizabeth (a non-profit organisation) and as Subject Advisory Board Member for the postgraduates in internal auditing at the school of business economic science at Nelson Mandela University.
A Bright Future awaits for Young Accountants
Ferreira-Massyn is confident that the skills he acquired locally will ensure he is well-equipped for what lies ahead abroad.
“South Africa’s residency-based tax system and tax legislation is one of the most comprehensive and diverse tax systems in the world,” he explains. “In this diverse tax system, tax professionals in South Africa are required to uphold the principles of integrity, objectivity, technical competence, professionalism, and confidentiality to ensure that they first and foremost serve in the interest of the public.”
He adds that technological and data analytic advancements will drastically change the collection, processing, and reporting of tax data across the globe. “Therefore, the tax professional of the future needs to stay relevant by predicting challenges and solutions that tax functions may face in changing times.”
For new SAIPA members and young accountants whose careers are just beginning to take off, Ferreira-Massyn also has some insightful advice.
“You’ll be amazed at what you attract into your life when you decide to break through barriers and start believing in what you are capable of. Consider yourself to have been chosen to be a Professional Accountant (SA) rather than thinking that you picked the designation.
He says that as a result, one’s viewpoint will be that one of the most prestigious designations in the world has given you the responsibility of improving the lives of businesses, individuals, and communities.
“Be #SAIPAProud and soon you will realise that barriers do not exist because being a member of SAIPA you have global opportunity.”
Jashwin Baijoo
Jashwin Baijoo, Legal Manager for Africa Tax and Compliance at Tax Consulting SA, is an admitted attorney of the High Court of South Africa, and holds an LLB from the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, and LLM in International Tax and Transfer Pricing, from the University of Witwatersrand. He specialises in cross-border tax advisory, company incorporations and compliance, and international regulatory applications and procurement, with the assistance of his vast network of partners across Africa. Jashwin is often featured in the media on pertinent topics such as offshore wealth and taxpayer compliance.
Kantha Naicker
Kantha Naicker, Professional Accountant (SA), Professional Tax Practitioner (SA), M.Inst D
Managing Director Evolve Accounting
Chairman of the Board of the South African Institute of Professional Accountants (SAIPA)
Honorary Trustee of the United World Colleges (UWC) Scholarship Trust of South Africa
Kantha Naicker was elected as the Chairman of SAIPA’s Board on 12 June 2019, after being closely involved with the leadership structures of the Institute for many years.
She has been an early achiever and won a scholarship at the tender age of 16 to attend the United World College Lester B Pearson College of the Pacific in Victoria, Canada for the last two years of her schooling. It was during that time that her outlook on life truly took shape.
She completed her B.Compt degree at Unisa in three years after returning to South Africa. While doing her articles she was encouraged to become a CFA (Commercial and Financial Accountant) practising member. This set her on her path to establish her own practice, which she has been running successfully as a sole owner for 12 years and more recently as joint Managing Director of Evolve Accounting.
She became involved in the regional structures of SAIPA in KwaZulu-Natal where she grew up and was soon elected as the Chair of the Region. A mere four years later – in 2009 – she was elected to the board of SAIPA and in May the following year she was elected to the executive committee of the Institute.
As a board member, she contributed to the strategic direction of SAIPA and ensured that the vision for the Institute stayed true to the changing business landscape in South Africa, but also in Africa and globally.
Kantha believes that having been part of the leadership structures of SAIPA she has been exposed to experiences and opportunities that have enabled her to make a difference.
She believes that the accounting profession offers a plethora of choices – one can run your own business, or you can make a difference in a corporate environment and in educating future accountants.
Her goal is to make a difference in people’s lives – by assisting them to achieve their own dreams through skills and knowledge transfer. She believes that she has assisted many to rise above their circumstances.
In addition to having a career, she is first and foremost a mom to Reshavan and Santhini. The support of her immediate family and strong sponsorship by her male colleagues has meant that she has been able to juggle career and family successfully. Her father, Gopie Reddy, ran her practice while she worked full-time on a Fasset-funded work readiness programme. Her mother, Punjy is an organiser extraordinaire and helps her keep all the balls in the air.
Her husband Mervin Naicker has been supportive and with good reason, as he has played an integral part in ensuring that the family responsibilities (except for the cooking) are shared equally.
Kantha represented South Africa at the Stars Symposium in Switzerland in 2012. She has served on the technical, education, public sector, marketing and transformation committees and was part of a team that overhauled SAIPA’s constitution which was accepted in 2013.
Evolve Accounting, her practice has a client base of approximately 350 and the female-owned business employs four staff members. Kantha is passionate about the growth and transformation of the accountancy profession. She believes strongly in volunteerism giving back a fair amount of her time to individuals and organisations as the need arises. She loves grilled calamari, well food in general and a good red wine and very much dislikes people who are unkind, lie, litter and do not recycle.
Keitumetse Lekaba
Keitumetse Lekaba is the Managing Director at I AM AN ENTREPRENEUR. In her current role, she directs and leads all business operations and manages the strategy,
development, and implementation of ESD Programmes for multi-national companies. With over 15 years of experience, she has led the implementation of Enterprise and supplier Development (ESD) Programmes for companies such as Coca Cola Beverages South Africa, Exxaro Mine, Harmony Gold, Sasol, Reckitt Benckiser, Barloworld, SA Tourism, Telkom and many more.
Having graduated with a Bachelor’s in Accounting and Honours in Taxation from the University of Johannesburg, Keitumetse’s journey has been focused on tax compliance, finance, enterprise and supplier development, SMME funding and strategy. She’s currently studying towards her master’s degree at GIBS.
Entrepreneurship is the heartbeat of our economy and Keitumetse’s passion for an inclusive entrepreneurial eco-system has pushed her in elevating the SMME sector by building sustainable SMMEs to ensure long term economic viability in South Africa and
beyond. As a speaker, she passionately spreads the message of building sustainable businesses through her insights and lessons learnt throughout her journey.
Keitumetse is a co-founder of Mediwell Medical Centre in Johannesburg, as well as the founder of Karabo Business Solutions. Outside of finance and SMME development, she is the founder and chairperson of Goddess Girls, an NGO facilitating girl child mentorship in Soweto.
Keitumetse has a passion for human and business development, business coaching and sustainability of SMMEs. She is an exceptional leader, with charisma and extensive knowledge in her field.
Mark Kingon
He is a senior executive who has risen through the ranks of the organisation, having worked in enforcement and in the legal departments of SARS, amongst others.
Mr Kingon joined the then Receiver of Revenue in Pretoria 38 years ago and has occupied various roles within SARS Operations which included Legal Interpretation, Enforcement, Business Systems and Operational Support.
He also served as acting Commissioner for about 18 months until the appointment of the current Commissioner.
He was very closely involved with a subcommittee of the Katz Commission responsible for the Non-Profit Sector. This led to the current tax regime for Public Benefit Organisations and the eventual establishment of the Tax Exemption Unit within SARS that serves this sector.
Mr Kingon matriculated from Clapham High School, Pretoria (Class of 1981) and holds a Bachelor of Administration Degree from the University of South Africa.
Parmi Natesan
Parmi Natesan is the Chief Executive Officer of the Institute of Directors in South Africa (IoDSA).
She is a leading corporate governance specialist who has authored numerous articles and papers, and spoken as various conferences and events. She has also attained the Chartered Director (SA) designation. She has served on the boards of the IoDSA, PPS Holdings, Alviva Holdings and St Peter’s College.
Parmi represents the IoDSA on a number of forums and committees, including the King Committee of South Africa, the Integrated Reporting Committee of South Africa, the 30% Club and the Global Network of Director Institutes.
She has received numerous accolades over her career, including a Rising Star alumni award from the Nelson Mandela University and was named one of Destiny magazine’s top 40 African women under the age of 40. More recently, she was awarded Global Woman Achiever at the World Women Leadership Congress; as well as receiving an Ethical Leadership Award from the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Ross Saunders
With a background in IT infrastructure security, software development, and Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC), Ross assists in a wide range of disciplines surrounding compliance, security, and privacy. He regularly helps companies with advisory, awareness campaigns, and practical implementations of privacy and security programs. Over the years, Ross has served on numerous InfoSec committees and has regularly appeared in the media in South Africa and Canada regarding privacy and security challenges that businesses often face.
Ross holds a master’s degree in the Management of Technology and Innovation, and holds designations and certifications in privacy legislation (CIPP/E), ethical hacking, and paralegal practice. He serves as co-chair of the Johannesburg chapter of the International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP).
Shahied Daniels
Chief Executive Officer, South African Institute of Professional Accountants (SAIPA)
Shahied Daniels is the Chief Executive Officer of the South African Institute of Professional Accountants. He has held numerous leadership positions in non-governmental and professional organisations. His expertise and extensive experience in accounting is orientated towards small, medium, and micro enterprises. Mr. Daniels serves on the IFAC Professional Accountancy Organisations Development Committee and is also the current Chairperson of the Edinburgh Group and a member of the Pan African Federation of Accountants Board.
Shahied has broad- based experience in executive management, finance, turnaround strategies and stakeholder relations. He is a commercially astute, motivated and driven corporate executive, with extensive experience in developing, implementing and managing an organisation’s long-term strategies, financial and operational goals and objectives.
He is held in high esteem as an innovative leader in all spheres of the profession, both nationally and internationally .
Prof. Thabo Legwaila
OTO CEO Professor Thabo Legwaila
Prof. Legwaila has been a Senior Lecturer at the University of Stellenbosch, Visiting Fellow at Harvard University, Senior Tax Consultant at KPMG and later Ernst & Young, Director of Business Tax at the National Treasury and Head of Africa Tax at Citibank. He is a Professor of Tax at the University of Johannesburg and a member of the Davis Tax Committee.
He holds the following academic qualifications: B Juris (Venda); LLB (Wits); LLM (Wits); Postgraduate Diploma in Tax Law (UCT); LLM (UCT) and LLD (Pretoria). He is co-author and editor of the textbook Tax Law: An Introduction.
Conference Fees (incl. VAT)
Standard Prices (from 1 Oct 2022)
Hilton Sandton Hotel | Total |
SAIPA member | R 4 830.00 |
Non-member | R 5 520.00 |
Trainees and Students | R 2 070.00 |
Online | Total |
SAIPA member | R 1 840.00 |
Non-member | R 2 760.00 |
Trainees and Students | R 1 035.00 |
Valuable and Insightful World-Class Programme
The world-class programme content was designed to provide valuable and relevant insight to fulfil the current needs of those in the accountancy profession.
Topics to be covered include:
- Accounting disrupted: How digitalisation is changing finance
- Culture change needed for true digital transformation
- How AI works
- Blockchain and cryptocurrencies
- Metaverse / NFTs
- Regaining the trust of the profession / Breaking the glass ceiling (women in accounting)
- TechTalk: Auditing of less complex entities (continuous audits using IT)
- Reporting masterclass: How to measure and show value creation related to ESG
- Impact of technology developments on tax authorities and environment – past, present, future
- Fraud and corruption
- Data privacy and security
- What every accountant needs to know about money laundering
- This is not what I signed up for! (How to run a successful business)
- Sustainability vs sustainability – can profit thrive together with people and planet?
- Network like a pro
- From bean counter to business advisor – how to reposition your brand or career
- Service with a smile – how to set yourself apart from your competition
- Workplace wellness
- Innovation thinking skills
- Decision-making skills
- Negotiation skills
- Marketing skills
Accounting iNdaba 2022 Venue
Register Today
Not a SAIPA Member?
Now you can choose your preferred format of participation
The SAIPA Accounting iNdaba 2022 serves as an exciting platform where delegates will have the opportunity to network with world-class experts in the accountancy and business world.
Technomics for Sustainability
Within this year’s theme Technomics for Sustainability, Technomics refers to how technology can affect economics, as well as simply the economics of technology. This includes trends and events related to the development of hardware, software, and the buying and selling of technology in general. Sustainability not only involves environmentalism, but also considers social equity and economic development, both spheres to which professional accountants can make meaningful contributions.